It is indeed possible to have a schedule for 5 rounds:
(1 17 16 14) (4 8 13 3) (11 20 7 15) (12 6 5 18) (2 9 10 19)
(2 18 17 15) (5 9 14 4) (12 16 8 11) (13 7 1 19) (3 10 6 20)
(3 19 18 11) (1 10 15 5) (13 17 9 12) (14 8 2 20) (4 6 7 16)
(4 20 19 12) (2 6 11 1) (14 18 10 13) (15 9 3 16) (5 7 8 17)
(5 16 20 13) (3 7 12 2) (15 19 6 14) (11 10 4 17) (1 8 9 18)
Fortunately you did not ask for a 6 round schedule, on the face of it, this might seem to be possible - 6 partners and 12 opponents, but it has been proven by the mathematicians that it can't exist.